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How to Get Rid of Groundhogs
June 26th, 2007 by MartinDodge
Groundhog, woodchuck, or whistling pig - they all amount to the same thing: a cute, furry pest. The genus, Marmota monax, known best through its weather-predicting spokesperson, Punxsutawney Phil, is found in lowland areas of the Northeast (such as Punxsutawney, PA) and the Midwest United States, but has also somehow burrowed its way into northern Washington state, Alaska, and British Columbia, Canada.
Also called the woodchuck (and, no, we don’t know how much wood a woodchuck would chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood), the genus is more commonly called "groundhog," so named because, like a pig, it roots in the earth. We don’t know why some call it "whistlepig," however, because nowhere has it been recorded that these things can whistle. We do know that the name "woodchuck" is the English corruption of an Indian name for the animal.
The groundhog is a type of marmot, and what marmots are, essentially, are very large squirrels. Squirrels root in the earth to bury acorns for storage. This seldom bothers people because squirrels, having quite small paws, dig only tiny holes (Learn how to get rid of squirrels). Woodchucks, having large paws, dig big holes, not to bury acorns but to build tunnels to live in, and they will dig them in any relatively flat area, including your lawn. This makes them nuisances to those who prefer having lawns that are un-besmirched by groundhog burrows.
Groundhog Facts: Why they’re a Nuisance
Some more things that make groundhogs unwelcome:
- They love to eat vegetation, and that includes vegetation that the owner of the groundhog-besmirched lawn has planted for their eating and/or viewing pleasure
- Their tunnels are rather extensive and complex, having many entrances and emergency exits; if a web of tunnels extends under a structure’s foundation, they can crack, weaken, or even sink it.
- A horse or other large animal can break a leg from stepping in a groundhog hole.
By clearing out forests and killing off wolves and other natural predators, farmers and foresters have caused the groundhog to proliferate over the past century. Now that human habitation is spreading beyond cities and suburbs, homeowners face close encounters with these buck-toothed fur-balls. Whereas the not-so-little varmints (they can weigh up to 30 pounds) still fear their ancient predators, many of whom are no longer around, they aren’t all that afraid of humans. Therefore, hunters can get close enough to get an easy shot at Mr. Woodchuck.
Hunting, you would think, would keep groundhog populations in check. It doesn’t, any more than it keeps the deer population in check. These rodents reproduce faster than marksmen could possibly eliminate them, and hunting, as a sport, has declined in popularity over the past few decades. Besides, if you’re going to hunt something, why not hunt something you can eat?
Not that you can’t eat groundhog. Apparently it was pretty common to be served at rural dinner tables back in the 19th Century, and people in the Ozarks and Appalachia still eat squirrel, a cousin of the groundhog. But groundhogs hibernate in the winter; therefore, much of its body’s bulk is food stored away in the form of fat, making the creature rather greasy eating. Besides, they’re also cousins of the rat, and in western society, there is a taboo against eating rats.
Getting Rid of Groundhogs
So, unless you want to use them for target practice (which may be illegal where you live so, if you want to shoot them, best check with your local authorities), you’re going to need some method for getting rid of them that doesn’t require a gun.
There are as many old-time "folk remedies" for shooing them, as there are modern technologies:
- Dropping moth balls in their burrows or blocking the holes with ammonia-soaked rags
- Simulated urine of predators, such as foxes; supposedly putting some in their burrows scares them off
- Putting commercially available poison gas cartridges into their burrows, particularly during their hibernation period.
- Hooking a hose to an automobile exhaust pipe, extending the hose down a burrow, and running the engine until the groundhogs come out; they will then have to be trapped
- Placing near their burrow an electronic device that emits high frequency noise; this irritates them to the point of leaving.
Groundhog Removal
The only certain way to rid yourself of groundhogs is to trap them. Leghold traps may be used, though with one of those, you will then have to kill the animal, and you need to check with local authorities on whether such traps are legal where you live. You may also use a non-lethal trap to catch the groundhog and then release the trapped animal in another location. Such traps may be purchased or, sometimes, borrowed from a humane organization.
Drawbacks to catch-and-release:
- As with any kind of trap, you’re going to have to find the opening to the burrow to place the trap; this is not always easy.
- The animals may not take the bait, preferring to eat what’s available around them.
- You may not have a place to release them. You cannot release the creatures on private property without the owner’s permission. Public lands may prohibit releasing them there; in fact, some states don’t allow this practice at all. If you do find a place to release the animals, the place must be at least five miles away so that they cannot find their way back.
Your best bet is to do this in the spring, when groundhog holes will be easier to find and groundhogs, coming out of their hibernation, will be hungrier for your bait. The place that provides your trap can give you advice on baiting it. Spring is also preferable because you will be ridding yourself of the groundhogs before they reproduce and give you more animals to get rid of.
If you don’t want to put up with the nuisance of doing it yourself, there are also plenty of pest control agencies you can hire who will get rid of the groundhogs for you. Find one that guarantees their work.
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They are called whistling pigs for the same reason they are referred to as hogs because they relentlessly tear through the earth like a pig eating slop. The whistling part refers to how they respond to a whistle. Most of the time, they’ll sit up and thats when you can pop em.
I think we have one in our outside room under the porch.
What exactly does the digging look . like?
I do as Lynne suggests/feel the same. I behave myself, am a respectful, caring person and the animals whose habitat I live in are well aware of me and my lifestyle, will sit outside observing me in ‘my cage’, sing for me, do not run or strike in fear, come to the window to remind me its feeding time (I only put seed out that can be eaten before the afternoon).
I place a rock on my car engine that keeps the hood partially up which works perfectly to keep the packrats out and….I decorate their midden with a lovely windchime/colored glass whatever, so that it is an enchanting vision to me as I walk about my property(pardon me-their property)……..because I have learned over 30 years that they are there to stay…even if I catch the whole family one at a time in a Havaheart and drive each one 5 deserted miles away for a ‘family reunion’.
At times I have placed a trinket such as a little red translucent plastic heart or a pretty bead out and the next day there is a little piece of crap they have left in exchange. I smile thinking of all the little hearts and pretty jewels which decorate under my property.
Lastly, there seems to be a packrat-imposed building code limit to how many their planning association will legally allow on my property (4) so voila…I try to Live and Let Live.
My dog has killed 13 in two years. On the estimate MY dog has probably save this land from the spread of more than 200 . You gotta draw a line. those holes can get a horse leg stuck and break and thats the end of the horse. they are big nuisances . I’m a huge animal activist ,but ya gotta stop somewhere.
I have been shooting them with a 22 at my farm, killed 8 so far, saw one last night in a 40 ft. container last night where I store seed corn, chased him out, I thought I had them all. I also put out poison (it will kill raccoons, opossums, and everything else. So you do not want to put it out if you have cats or dogs that may drink the mixture. I use the granulated fly spray. Pour one fourth of the small can in a shallow pan, pour in a bottle of regular coke. It is guaranteed to end your critter problem. After it is consumed, the animals make it about three feet before the expire. I have caught and released 14 raccoon in the past few weeks after breaking into my back porch, I have shot two, and poisoned 4. I have pretty much gotten rid of the raccoon problem, the Oppossum problem and I have one wood chuck to go. These animals climbed up my apple trees and have broken branches and picked every apple, and they made havoc out of my garden last year. I think a 22 rifle is the best solution, I use a Marlin 22 semi automatic with a scope. Good luck.
I had a groundhog that dug a hole/burrow right next to the foundation of my home. I didn’t mind having it around, even though it liked to eat some of my flowers, but the idea of it digging around my foundation was a little scary. I bought a Havahart trap – it took nearly two weeks for me to finally catch it. Although I believe it took so long because I didn’t place the trap in a good location and/or blend it in with the surrounding area enough in the beginning. I used cantaloupe as bait. I checked the trap at 7am today and he was in there. I called a local wildlife control company to pick up the groundhog and relocate it. I have the trap to use again if I need it and it cost $50 to have someone relocate the animal. I couldn’t kill it and wanted it to be relocated somewhere safe, but also far enough away from my property and other private property so it couldn’t do anymore damage. I don’t feel that it’s right to kill them as they are just doing what groundhogs do and have no way of knowing that they are creating problems for humans. It didn’t attack me, my dog, or any of the neighborhood cats. I haven’t thoroughly checked out the area where it had it’s burrow. I just hope it didn’t cause any structural damage to my home. I could have found a better use of the $50 that I paid to have it relocated, but it was worth it to me for the peace of mind that I now have knowing that it can’t cause anymore damage to my property and knowing that it will not be killed.
Yes, I have groundhogs invading my yard. They have several tunnels dug under my fence from a “free space” (ie, not inhabited property next to mine). I have tried the water torture by putting a hose down their hole, unfortunately, the soil is sandy and soaks up the water thereby not really flooding the hole. I have spread a “wild life” deterrant powder supposedly made up of urine, blood, etc. of their natural predators, which by the way is VERY expensive, that supposedly would deter the little creatures, however, I do not think that it has held up to weather conditions and really has not deterred them at all.
I will tell you what I think has deterred them. A wild, stray cat in my neighborhood who has somehow adopted me. He/she/it does not bother me at all but has taken up “watch” in my yard. It stalks my yard for any rodent. Mice, squirrels, groundhogs do not enter when he/she/it is around. Birds do not land.
Mind you, I have not feed, watered, interacted with this cat in anyway. He/she/it has just adopted me and/or my yard. Let me also say that I am a dog person. Really have had no use for cats and do not own one and probably never will. I will however tolerate this one cat if it can do the job and I don’t have to take care of it.
Perhaps, what can get rid of groundhogs is a “Watch Cat”.
I like the tip about using “Well Used Cat Liter” I’ll let you all know if it works for me.
The marmots are reproducing at alarming rates. They have so many holes you can’t count them all. The fish and game dept does not want them released – they suggest shooting them or spending money I do not have on exterminators. They have shredded my drywall in my garage (and it only took one to do that). Anyone who is suggesting that we preserve their lives must also love rats – both are rodents-take a look at their claws and the damage they do. Between the deer and the marmots there is little hope of ever having a decent yard. Any suggestions for the end of either species would be appreciated.
I found the motion-activated sprinklers get HIGH ratings for keeping these animals away from desired areas. We plan on using this and used cat litter in the holes near our garden.
NOTE WARNING!! My husband was ATTACKED by 2 growling and lunging groundhogs. April-May are when the babies are born, and they can get aggressive at this time. Simply walk or run away; they are not predators and will calm down when the “threat” is gone. I also found MANY stories and videos of injured dogs who tangled with them; they will apparently fight to the death.